// xlocnum internal header (from <locale>)
#pragma once
#ifndef _XLOCNUM_
#define _XLOCNUM_
#include <cerrno>
#include <climits>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <streambuf>

#pragma pack(push,8)
#pragma warning(push,3)

_STD_BEGIN

		// TEMPLATE CLASS numpunct
template<class _Elem>
	class numpunct
		: public locale::facet
	{	// facet for defining numeric punctuation text
public:
	typedef basic_string<_Elem, char_traits<_Elem>, allocator<_Elem> >
		string_type;
	typedef _Elem char_type;

	static locale::id id;	// unique facet id

	_Elem decimal_point() const
		{	// return decimal point
		return (do_decimal_point());
		}

	_Elem thousands_sep() const
		{	// return thousands separator
		return (do_thousands_sep());
		}

	string grouping() const
		{	// return grouping string
		return (do_grouping());
		}

	string_type falsename() const
		{	// return name for false
		return (do_falsename());
		}

	string_type truename() const
		{	// return name for true
		return (do_truename());
		}

	explicit numpunct(size_t _Refs = 0)
		: locale::facet(_Refs)
		{	// construct from current locale
		_Init(_Locinfo());
		}

	numpunct(const _Locinfo& _Lobj, size_t _Refs = 0)
		: locale::facet(_Refs)
		{	// construct from specified locale
		_Init(_Lobj);
		}

	static size_t __cdecl _Getcat(const locale::facet **_Ppf = 0)
		{	// return locale category mask and construct standard facet
		if (_Ppf != 0 && *_Ppf == 0)
			*_Ppf = _NEW_CRT numpunct<_Elem>;
		return (_X_NUMERIC);
		}

_PROTECTED:
	virtual ~numpunct()
		{	// destroy the object
		_Tidy();
		}

protected:
	void _Init(const _Locinfo& _Lobj)
		{	// initialize from _Lobj
		const lconv *_Ptr = _Lobj._Getlconv();

		_Grouping = 0;
		_Falsename = 0;
		_Truename = 0;

		_TRY_BEGIN
		_Grouping = _MAKLOCSTR(char, _Ptr->grouping, _Lobj._Getcvt());
		_Falsename = _MAKLOCSTR(_Elem, _Lobj._Getfalse(), _Lobj._Getcvt());
		_Truename = _MAKLOCSTR(_Elem, _Lobj._Gettrue(), _Lobj._Getcvt());
		_CATCH_ALL
		_Tidy();
		_RERAISE;
		_CATCH_END

		_Dp = _WIDEN(_Elem, _Ptr->decimal_point[0]);
		_Kseparator = _WIDEN(_Elem, _Ptr->thousands_sep[0]);
		}

	virtual _Elem do_decimal_point() const
		{	// return decimal point
		return (_Dp);
		}

	virtual _Elem do_thousands_sep() const
		{	// return thousands separator
		return (_Kseparator);
		}

	virtual string do_grouping() const
		{	// return grouping string
		return (string(_Grouping));
		}

	virtual string_type do_falsename() const
		{	// return name for false
		return (string_type(_Falsename));
		}

	virtual string_type do_truename() const
		{	// return name for true
		return (string_type(_Truename));
		}

private:
	void _Tidy()
		{	// free all storage
		_DELETE_CRT_VEC((void *)_Grouping);
		_DELETE_CRT_VEC((void *)_Falsename);
		_DELETE_CRT_VEC((void *)_Truename);
		}

	const char *_Grouping;	// grouping string, "" for "C" locale
	_Elem _Dp;	// decimal point, '.' for "C" locale
	_Elem _Kseparator;	// thousands separator, '\0' for "C" locale
	const _Elem *_Falsename;	// name for false, "false" for "C" locale
	const _Elem *_Truename;	// name for true, "true" for "C" locale
	};

typedef numpunct<char> _Npc;
typedef numpunct<wchar_t> _Npwc;

		// TEMPLATE CLASS numpunct_byname
template<class _Elem>
	class numpunct_byname
		: public numpunct<_Elem>
	{	// numpunct for named locale
public:
	explicit numpunct_byname(const char *_Locname, size_t _Refs = 0)
		: numpunct<_Elem>(_Locinfo(_Locname), _Refs)
		{	// construct for named locale
		}

_PROTECTED:
	virtual ~numpunct_byname()
		{	// destroy the object
		}
	};

		// STATIC numpunct::id OBJECT
template<class _Elem>
	locale::id numpunct<_Elem>::id;

 #define _VIRTUAL	virtual

		// TEMPLATE CLASS num_get
template<class _Elem,
	class _InIt = istreambuf_iterator<_Elem, char_traits<_Elem> > >
	class num_get
		: public locale::facet
	{	// facet for converting text to encoded numbers
public:
	typedef numpunct<_Elem> _Mypunct;
	typedef basic_string<_Elem, char_traits<_Elem>, allocator<_Elem> >
		_Mystr;

	static size_t __cdecl _Getcat(const locale::facet **_Ppf = 0)
		{	// return locale category mask and construct standard facet
		if (_Ppf != 0 && *_Ppf == 0)
			*_Ppf = _NEW_CRT num_get<_Elem, _InIt>;
		return (_X_NUMERIC);
		}

	static locale::id id;	// unique facet id

_PROTECTED:
	virtual ~num_get()
		{	// destroy the object
		}

protected:
	void _Init(const _Locinfo&)
		{	// initialize from _Locinfo object (do nothing)
		}

public:
	explicit num_get(size_t _Refs = 0)
		: locale::facet(_Refs)
		{	// construct from current locale
		_Init(_Locinfo());
		}

	num_get(const _Locinfo& _Lobj, size_t _Refs = 0)
		: locale::facet(_Refs)
		{	// construct from specified locale
		_Init(_Lobj);
		}

	typedef _Elem char_type;
	typedef _InIt iter_type;

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, _Bool& _Val) const
		{	// get bool from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, unsigned short& _Val) const
		{	// get unsigned short from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, unsigned int& _Val) const
		{	// get unsigned int from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, long& _Val) const
		{	// get long from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, unsigned long& _Val) const
		{	// get unsigned long from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}
 #ifdef _LONGLONG

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, _LONGLONG& _Val) const
		{	// get long long from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, _ULONGLONG& _Val) const
		{	// get unsigned long long from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}
 #endif /* _LONGLONG */

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, float& _Val) const
		{	// get float from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, double& _Val) const
		{	// get double from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, long double& _Val) const
		{	// get long double from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

	_InIt get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, void *& _Val) const
		{	// get void pointer from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		return (do_get(_First, _Last, _Iosbase, _State, _Val));
		}

protected:
	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, _Bool& _Val) const
		{	// get bool from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		int _Ans = -1;	// negative answer indicates failure

		if (_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::boolalpha)
			{	// get false name or true name
			const _Mypunct& _Fac = _USE(_Iosbase.getloc(), _Mypunct);
			_Mystr _Str((typename _Mystr::size_type)1, (char_type)0);
			_Str += _Fac.falsename();
			_Str += (char_type)0;
			_Str += _Fac.truename();	// construct "\0false\0true"
			_Ans = _Getloctxt(_First, _Last, (size_t)2, _Str.c_str());
			}
		else
			{	// get zero or nonzero integer
			char _Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG], *_Ep;
			errno = 0;
			const unsigned long _Ulo = ::strtoul(_Ac, &_Ep,
				_Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, _Iosbase.flags(),
					_Iosbase.getloc()));
			if (_Ep != _Ac && errno == 0 && _Ulo <= 1)
				_Ans = _Ulo;
			}

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ans < 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ans != 0;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, unsigned short& _Val) const
		{	// get unsigned short from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		int _Base = _Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, _Iosbase.flags(),
			_Iosbase.getloc());	// gather field into _Ac
		char *_Ptr = _Ac[0] == '-' ? _Ac + 1 : _Ac;	// point past any sign
		const unsigned long _Ans =
			::strtoul(_Ptr, &_Ep, _Base);	// convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ptr || errno != 0 || USHRT_MAX < _Ans)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = (unsigned short)(_Ac[0] == '-'
				? 0 -_Ans : _Ans);	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, unsigned int& _Val) const
		{	// get unsigned int from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		int _Base = _Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, _Iosbase.flags(),
			_Iosbase.getloc());	// gather field into _Ac
		char *_Ptr = _Ac[0] == '-' ? _Ac + 1 : _Ac;	// point past any sign
		const unsigned long _Ans =
			::strtoul(_Ptr, &_Ep, _Base);	// convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ptr || errno != 0 || UINT_MAX < _Ans)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ac[0] == '-' ? 0 -_Ans : _Ans;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, long& _Val) const
		{	// get long from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		const long _Ans = ::strtol(_Ac, &_Ep,
			_Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, _Iosbase.flags(),
				_Iosbase.getloc()));	// gather field, convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ac || errno != 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ans;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, unsigned long& _Val) const
		{	// get unsigned long from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		const unsigned long _Ans = ::strtoul(_Ac, &_Ep,
			_Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, _Iosbase.flags(),
				_Iosbase.getloc()));	// gather field, convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ac || errno != 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ans;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}
 #ifdef _LONGLONG

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, _LONGLONG& _Val) const
		{	// get long long from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		const _LONGLONG _Ans = ::_strtoi64(_Ac, &_Ep,
			_Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, _Iosbase.flags(),
				_Iosbase.getloc()));	// gather field, convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ac || errno != 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ans;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, _ULONGLONG& _Val) const
		{	// get unsigned long long from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		const _ULONGLONG _Ans = ::_strtoui64(_Ac, &_Ep,
			_Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, _Iosbase.flags(),
				_Iosbase.getloc()));	// gather field, convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ac || errno != 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ans;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}
 #endif /* _LONGLONG */

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, float& _Val) const
		{	// get float from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_EXP_DIG + _MAX_SIG_DIG + 16], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		const float _Ans = ::_Stof(_Ac, &_Ep,
			_Getffld(_Ac, _First, _Last,
				_Iosbase.getloc()));	// gather field, convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ac || errno != 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ans;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, double& _Val) const
		{	// get double from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_EXP_DIG + _MAX_SIG_DIG + 16], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		const double _Ans = ::_Stod(_Ac, &_Ep,
			_Getffld(_Ac, _First, _Last,
				_Iosbase.getloc()));	// gather field, convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ac || errno != 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ans;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, long double& _Val) const
		{	// get long double from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_EXP_DIG + _MAX_SIG_DIG + 16], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;
		const long double _Ans = ::_Stold(_Ac, &_Ep,
			_Getffld(_Ac, _First, _Last,
				_Iosbase.getloc()));	// gather field, convert

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ac || errno != 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = _Ans;	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

	_VIRTUAL _InIt do_get(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		ios_base::iostate& _State, void *& _Val) const
		{	// get void pointer from [_First, _Last) into _Val
		char _Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG], *_Ep;
		errno = 0;

 #ifdef _LONGLONG
		int _Base = _Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, ios_base::hex,
			_Iosbase.getloc());	// gather field
		const _ULONGLONG _Ans =
			(sizeof (void *) == sizeof (unsigned long))
				? (_ULONGLONG)::strtoul(_Ac, &_Ep, _Base)
				: ::_strtoui64(_Ac, &_Ep, _Base);

 #else /* _LONGLONG */
		const unsigned long _Ans = ::strtoul(_Ac, &_Ep,
			_Getifld(_Ac, _First, _Last, ios_base::hex,
				_Iosbase.getloc()));	// gather field, convert
 #endif /* _LONGLONG */

		if (_First == _Last)
			_State |= ios_base::eofbit;
		if (_Ep == _Ac || errno != 0)
			_State |= ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_Val = (void *)((char *)0 + _Ans);	// deliver value
		return (_First);
		}

private:
	static int __cdecl _Getifld(char *_Ac, _InIt& _First, _InIt& _Last,
		ios_base::fmtflags _Basefield, const locale& _Loc)
		{	// get integer field from [_First, _Last) into _Ac
		const _Elem _E0 = _WIDEN(_Elem, '0');
		const _Mypunct& _Fac = _USE(_Loc, _Mypunct);
		const string _Grouping = _Fac.grouping();
		const _Elem _Kseparator = _Fac.thousands_sep();
		char *_Ptr = _Ac;

		if (_First == _Last)
			;	// empty field
		else if (*_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, '+'))
			*_Ptr++ = '+', ++_First;	// gather plus sign
		else if (*_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, '-'))
			*_Ptr++ = '-', ++_First;	// gather minus sign

		_Basefield &= ios_base::basefield;
		int _Base = _Basefield == ios_base::oct ? 8
			: _Basefield == ios_base::hex ? 16
			: _Basefield == ios_base::_Fmtzero ? 0 : 10;

		bool _Seendigit = false;	// seen a digit in input
		bool _Nonzero = false;	// seen a nonzero digit in input

		if (_First != _Last && *_First == _E0)
			{	// leading zero, look for 0x, 0X
			_Seendigit = true, ++_First;
			if (_First != _Last && (*_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, 'x')
					|| *_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, 'X'))
				&& (_Base == 0 || _Base == 16))
				_Base = 16, _Seendigit = false, ++_First;
			else if (_Base == 0)
				_Base = 8;
			}

		int _Dlen = _Base == 0 || _Base == 10 ? 10
			: _Base == 8 ? 8 : 16 + 6;
		string _Groups((size_t)1, (char)_Seendigit);
		size_t _Group = 0;

		for (char *const _Pe = &_Ac[_MAX_INT_DIG - 1];
			_First != _Last; ++_First)
			if (::memchr("0123456789abcdefABCDEF",
				*_Ptr = _NARROW(_Elem, *_First), _Dlen) != 0)
				{	// got a digit, characterize it and add to group size
				if ((_Nonzero || *_Ptr != '0') && _Ptr < _Pe)
					++_Ptr, _Nonzero = true;
				_Seendigit = true;
				if (_Groups[_Group] != CHAR_MAX)
					++_Groups[_Group];
				}
			else if (_Groups[_Group] == '\0'
				|| _Kseparator == (_Elem)0
				|| *_First != _Kseparator)
				break;	// not a group separator, done
			else
				{	// add a new group to _Groups string
				_Groups.append((string::size_type)1, '\0');
				++_Group;
				}

		if (_Group == 0)
			;	// no thousands separators seen
		else if ('\0' < _Groups[_Group])
			++_Group;	// add trailing group to group count
		else
			_Seendigit = false;	// trailing separator, fail

		for (const char *_Pg = _Grouping.c_str(); _Seendigit && 0 < _Group; )
			if (*_Pg == CHAR_MAX)
				break;	// end of grouping constraints to check
			else if (0 < --_Group && *_Pg != _Groups[_Group]
				|| 0 == _Group && *_Pg < _Groups[_Group])
				_Seendigit = false;	// bad group size, fail
			else if ('\0' < _Pg[1])
				++_Pg;	// group size okay, advance to next test

		if (_Seendigit && !_Nonzero)
			*_Ptr++ = '0';	// zero field, replace stripped zero(s)
		else if (!_Seendigit)
			_Ptr = _Ac;	// roll back pointer to indicate failure
		*_Ptr = '\0';
		return (_Base);
		}

	static int __cdecl _Getffld(char *_Ac, _InIt& _First, _InIt &_Last,
		const locale& _Loc)
		{	// get floating-point field from [_First, _Last) into _Ac
		const _Elem _E0 = _WIDEN(_Elem, '0');
		const _Mypunct& _Fac = _USE(_Loc, _Mypunct);
		char *_Ptr = _Ac;

		if (_First == _Last)
			;	// empty field
		else if (*_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, '+'))
			*_Ptr++ = '+', ++_First;	// gather plus sign
		else if (*_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, '-'))
			*_Ptr++ = '-', ++_First;	// gather minus sign

		bool _Seendigit = false;	// seen a digit in input
		for (; _First != _Last && *_First == _E0; _Seendigit = true, ++_First)
			;	// strip leading zeros
		if (_Seendigit)
			*_Ptr++ = '0';	// put one back

		int _Significant = 0;	// number of significant digits
		int _Pten = 0;	// power of 10 multiplier

		for (; _First != _Last
			&& (::isdigit)(*_Ptr = _NARROW(_Elem, *_First));
				_Seendigit = true, ++_First)
			if (_Significant < _MAX_SIG_DIG)
				++_Ptr, ++_Significant;	// save a significant digit
			else
				++_Pten;	// or just scale by 10

		if (_First != _Last && *_First == _Fac.decimal_point())
			*_Ptr++ = localeconv()->decimal_point[0], ++_First;	// add .

		if (_Significant == 0)
			{	// 0000. so far
			for (; _First != _Last && *_First == _E0;
				_Seendigit = true, ++_First)
				--_Pten;	// just count leading fraction zeros
			if (_Pten < 0)
				*_Ptr++ = '0', ++_Pten;	// put one back
			}

		for (; _First != _Last
			&& (::isdigit)(*_Ptr = _NARROW(_Elem, *_First));
				_Seendigit = true, ++_First)
			if (_Significant < _MAX_SIG_DIG)
				++_Ptr, ++_Significant;	// save a significant fraction digit

		if (_Seendigit && _First != _Last
			&& (*_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, 'e')
				|| *_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, 'E')))
			{	// 'e' or 'E', collect exponent
			*_Ptr++ = 'e', ++_First;
			_Seendigit = false, _Significant = 0;

			if (_First == _Last)
				;	// 'e' or 'E' is last element
			else if (*_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, '+'))
				*_Ptr++ = '+', ++_First;	// gather plus sign
			else if (*_First == _WIDEN(_Elem, '-'))
				*_Ptr++ = '-', ++_First;	// gather minus sign
			for (; _First != _Last && *_First == _E0; )
				_Seendigit = true, ++_First;	// strip leading zeros
			if (_Seendigit)
				*_Ptr++ = '0';	// put one back
			for (; _First != _Last
				&& (::isdigit)(*_Ptr = _NARROW(_Elem, *_First));
				_Seendigit = true, ++_First)
				if (_Significant < _MAX_EXP_DIG)
					++_Ptr, ++_Significant;	// save a significant digit
			}

		if (!_Seendigit)
			_Ptr = _Ac;	// roll back pointer to indicate failure
		*_Ptr = '\0';
		return (_Pten);
		};
	};

		// STATIC num_get::id OBJECT
template<class _Elem,
	class _InIt>
	locale::id num_get<_Elem, _InIt>::id;

		// TEMPLATE CLASS num_put
template<class _Elem,
	class _OutIt = ostreambuf_iterator<_Elem, char_traits<_Elem> > >
	class num_put
		: public locale::facet
	{	// facet for converting encoded numbers to text
public:
	typedef numpunct<_Elem> _Mypunct;
	typedef basic_string<_Elem, char_traits<_Elem>, allocator<_Elem> >
		_Mystr;

	static size_t __cdecl _Getcat(const locale::facet **_Ppf = 0)
		{	// return locale category mask and construct standard facet
		if (_Ppf != 0 && *_Ppf == 0)
			*_Ppf = _NEW_CRT num_put<_Elem, _OutIt>;
		return (_X_NUMERIC);
		}

	static locale::id id;	// unique facet id

_PROTECTED:
	virtual ~num_put()
		{	// destroy the object
		}

protected:
	void _Init(const _Locinfo&)
		{	// initialize from _Locinfo object (do nothing)
		}

public:
	explicit num_put(size_t _Refs = 0)
		: locale::facet(_Refs)
		{	// construct from current locale
		_Init(_Locinfo());
		}

	num_put(const _Locinfo& _Lobj, size_t _Refs = 0)
		: locale::facet(_Refs)
		{	// construct from specified locale
		_Init(_Lobj);
		}

	typedef _Elem char_type;
	typedef _OutIt iter_type;

	_OutIt put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		_Bool _Val) const
		{	// put formatted bool to _Dest
		return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Val));
		}

	_OutIt put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		long _Val) const
		{	// put formatted long to _Dest
		return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Val));
		}

	_OutIt put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		unsigned long _Val) const
		{	// put formatted unsigned long to _Dest
		return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Val));
		}
 #ifdef _LONGLONG

	_OutIt put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		_LONGLONG _Val) const
		{	// put formatted long long to _Dest
		return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Val));
		}

	_OutIt put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		_ULONGLONG _Val) const
		{	// put formatted unsigned long long to _Dest
		return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Val));
		}
 #endif /* _LONGLONG */

	_OutIt put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		double _Val) const
		{	// put formatted double to _Dest
		return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Val));
		}

	_OutIt put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		long double _Val) const
		{	// put formatted long double to _Dest
		return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Val));
		}

	_OutIt put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		const void *_Val) const
		{	// put formatted void pointer to _Dest
		return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Val));
		}

protected:
	virtual _OutIt do_put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		_Bool _Val) const
		{	// put formatted bool to _Dest
		if (!(_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::boolalpha))
			return (do_put(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, (long)_Val));
		else
			{	// put "false" or "true"
			const _Mypunct& _Fac = _USE(_Iosbase.getloc(), _Mypunct);
			const _Mystr _Str(_Val ? _Fac.truename() : _Fac.falsename());

			size_t _Fillcount = _Iosbase.width() <= 0
				|| (size_t)_Iosbase.width() <= _Str.size()
					? 0 : (size_t)_Iosbase.width() - _Str.size();

			if ((_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield) != ios_base::left)
				{	// put leading fill
				_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _Fill, _Fillcount);
				_Fillcount = 0;
				}
			_Dest = _Put(_Dest, _Str.c_str(), _Str.size());	// put field
			_Iosbase.width(0);
			return (_Rep(_Dest, _Fill, _Fillcount));	// put trailing fill
			}
		}

	virtual _OutIt do_put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		long _Val) const
		{	// put formatted long to _Dest
		char _Buf[2 * _MAX_INT_DIG], _Fmt[6];
		return (_Iput(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Buf,
			::sprintf(_Buf, _Ifmt(_Fmt, "ld",
				_Iosbase.flags()), _Val)));
		}

	virtual _OutIt do_put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		unsigned long _Val) const
		{	// put formatted unsigned long to _Dest
		char _Buf[2 * _MAX_INT_DIG], _Fmt[6];
		return (_Iput(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Buf,
			::sprintf(_Buf, _Ifmt(_Fmt, "lu",
				_Iosbase.flags()), _Val)));
		}
 #ifdef _LONGLONG

	virtual _OutIt do_put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		_LONGLONG _Val) const
		{	// put formatted long long to _Dest
		char _Buf[2 * _MAX_INT_DIG], _Fmt[8];
		return (_Iput(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Buf,
			::sprintf(_Buf, _Ifmt(_Fmt, "Ld",
				_Iosbase.flags()), _Val)));
		}

	virtual _OutIt do_put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		_ULONGLONG _Val) const
		{	// put formatted unsigned long long to _Dest
		char _Buf[2 * _MAX_INT_DIG], _Fmt[8];
		return (_Iput(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Buf,
			::sprintf(_Buf, _Ifmt(_Fmt, "Lu",
				_Iosbase.flags()), _Val)));
		}
 #endif /* _LONGLONG */

	virtual _OutIt do_put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		double _Val) const
		{	// put formatted double to _Dest
		char _Buf[_MAX_EXP_DIG + _MAX_SIG_DIG + 64], _Fmt[8];
		streamsize _Precision = _Iosbase.precision() <= 0
			&& !(_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::fixed)
				? 6 : _Iosbase.precision();	// desired precision
		int _Significance = _MAX_SIG_DIG < _Precision
			? _MAX_SIG_DIG : (int)_Precision;	// actual precision for sprintf
		_Precision -= _Significance;
		size_t _Beforepoint = 0;	// zeros to add before decimal point
		size_t _Afterpoint = 0;	// zeros to add after decimal point

		if ((_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::floatfield) == ios_base::fixed)
			{	// scale silly fixed-point value
			bool _Signed = _Val < 0;
			if (_Signed)
				_Val = -_Val;

			for (; 1e35 <= _Val && _Beforepoint < 5000; _Beforepoint += 10)
				_Val /= 1e10;	// drop 10 zeros before decimal point

			if (0 < _Val)
				for (; 10 <= _Precision && _Val <= 1e-35
					&& _Afterpoint < 5000; _Afterpoint += 10)
					{	// drop 10 zeros after decimal point
					_Val *= 1e10;
					_Precision -= 10;
					}

			if (_Signed)
				_Val = -_Val;
			}

		return (_Fput(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Buf,
			_Beforepoint, _Afterpoint, _Precision,
				::sprintf(_Buf, _Ffmt(_Fmt, 0, _Iosbase.flags()),
					_Significance, _Val)));	// convert and put
		}

	virtual _OutIt do_put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		long double _Val) const
		{	// put formatted long double to _Dest
		char _Buf[_MAX_EXP_DIG + _MAX_SIG_DIG + 64], _Fmt[8];
		streamsize _Precision = _Iosbase.precision() <= 0
			&& !(_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::fixed)
				? 6 : _Iosbase.precision();	// desired precision
		int _Significance = _MAX_SIG_DIG < _Precision
			? _MAX_SIG_DIG : (int)_Precision;	// actual precision for sprintf
		_Precision -= _Significance;
		size_t _Beforepoint = 0;	// zeros to add before decimal point
		size_t _Afterpoint = 0;	// zeros to add after decimal point

		if ((_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::floatfield) == ios_base::fixed)
			{	// scale silly fixed-point value
			bool _Signed = _Val < 0;
			if (_Signed)
				_Val = -_Val;

			for (; 1e35 <= _Val && _Beforepoint < 5000; _Beforepoint += 10)
				_Val /= 1e10;	// drop 10 zeros before decimal point

			if (0 < _Val)
				for (; 10 <= _Precision && _Val <= 1e-35
					&& _Afterpoint < 5000; _Afterpoint += 10)
					{	// drop 10 zeros after decimal point
					_Val *= 1e10;
					_Precision -= 10;
					}

			if (_Signed)
				_Val = -_Val;
			}

		return (_Fput(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Buf,
			_Beforepoint, _Afterpoint, _Precision,
				::sprintf(_Buf, _Ffmt(_Fmt, 'L', _Iosbase.flags()),
					_Significance, _Val)));	// convert and put
		}

	virtual _OutIt do_put(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		const void *_Val) const
		{	// put formatted void pointer to _Dest
		char _Buf[2 * _MAX_INT_DIG];
		return (_Iput(_Dest, _Iosbase, _Fill, _Buf,
			::sprintf(_Buf, "%p", _Val)));
		}

	static char *__cdecl _Ffmt(char *_Fmt, char _Spec,
		ios_base::fmtflags _Flags)
		{	// generate sprintf format for floating-point
		char *_Ptr = _Fmt;
		*_Ptr++ = '%';

		if (_Flags & ios_base::showpos)
			*_Ptr++ = '+';
		if (_Flags & ios_base::showpoint)
			*_Ptr++ = '#';
		*_Ptr++ = '.';
		*_Ptr++ = '*';	// for precision argument
		if (_Spec != '\0')
			*_Ptr++ = _Spec;	// 'L' qualifier for long double only

		ios_base::fmtflags _Ffl = _Flags & ios_base::floatfield;
		*_Ptr++ = _Ffl == ios_base::fixed ? 'f'
			: _Ffl == ios_base::scientific ? 'e' : 'g';	// specifier
		*_Ptr = '\0';
		return (_Fmt);
		}

	static _OutIt __cdecl _Fput(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase,
		_Elem _Fill, const char *_Buf,
			size_t _Beforepoint, size_t _Afterpoint,
				size_t _Trailing, size_t _Count)
		{	// put formatted floating-point to _Dest
		_Elem _E0 = _WIDEN(_Elem, '0');
		size_t _Fillcount = _Beforepoint + _Afterpoint + _Trailing + _Count;
		_Fillcount = _Iosbase.width() <= 0
			|| (size_t)_Iosbase.width() <= _Fillcount
				? 0 : (size_t)_Iosbase.width() - _Fillcount;

		ios_base::fmtflags _Adjustfield =
			_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield;
		if (_Adjustfield != ios_base::left
			&& _Adjustfield != ios_base::internal)
			{	// put leading fill
			_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _Fill, _Fillcount);
			_Fillcount = 0;
			}
		else if (_Adjustfield == ios_base::internal)
			{	// put internal fill
			if (0 < _Count && (*_Buf == '+' || *_Buf == '-'))
				{	// but first put sign
				_Dest = _Putc(_Dest, _Buf, 1);
				++_Buf, --_Count;
				}
			_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _Fill, _Fillcount);
			_Fillcount = 0;
			}

		const char *_Ptr = (const char *)::memchr(_Buf,
			localeconv()->decimal_point[0], _Count);	// find decimal point
		if (_Ptr != 0)
			{	// has decimal point, put pieces and zero fills
			const _Mypunct& _Fac = _USE(_Iosbase.getloc(), _Mypunct);
			size_t _Fracoffset = _Ptr - _Buf + 1;
			_Dest = _Putc(_Dest, _Buf, _Fracoffset - 1);
			_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _E0, _Beforepoint);
			_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _Fac.decimal_point(), 1);
			_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _E0, _Afterpoint);
			_Buf += _Fracoffset, _Count -= _Fracoffset;
			}

		if ((_Ptr = (const char *)::memchr(_Buf, 'e', _Count)) != 0)
			{	// has exponent field, put it out
			size_t _Expoffset = _Ptr - _Buf + 1;
			_Dest = _Putc(_Dest, _Buf, _Expoffset - 1);
			_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _E0, _Trailing), _Trailing = 0;
			_Dest = _Putc(_Dest, _Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::uppercase
				? "E" : "e", 1);
			_Buf += _Expoffset, _Count -= _Expoffset;
			}

		_Dest = _Putc(_Dest, _Buf, _Count);	// put leftover field
		_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _E0, _Trailing);	// put trailing zeros
		_Iosbase.width(0);
		return (_Rep(_Dest, _Fill, _Fillcount));	// put trailing fill
		}

	static char *__cdecl _Ifmt(char *_Fmt, const char *_Spec,
		ios_base::fmtflags _Flags)
		{	// generate sprintf format for integer
		char *_Ptr = _Fmt;
		*_Ptr++ = '%';

		if (_Flags & ios_base::showpos)
			*_Ptr++ = '+';
		if (_Flags & ios_base::showbase)
			*_Ptr++ = '#';
		if (_Spec[0] != 'L')
			*_Ptr++ = _Spec[0];	// qualifier
		else
			{	/* change L to I64 */
			*_Ptr++ = 'I';
			*_Ptr++ = '6';
			*_Ptr++ = '4';
			}

		ios_base::fmtflags _Basefield = _Flags & ios_base::basefield;
		*_Ptr++ = _Basefield == ios_base::oct ? 'o'
			: _Basefield != ios_base::hex ? _Spec[1]	// 'd' or 'u'
			: _Flags & ios_base::uppercase ? 'X' : 'x';
		*_Ptr = '\0';
		return (_Fmt);
		}

	static _OutIt __cdecl _Iput(_OutIt _Dest, ios_base& _Iosbase, _Elem _Fill,
		char *_Buf, size_t _Count)
		{	// put formatted integer to _Dest
		const size_t _Prefix = *_Buf == '+' || *_Buf == '-' ? 1
			: *_Buf == '0' && (_Buf[1] == 'x' || _Buf[1] == 'X') ? 2
			: 0;
		const _Mypunct& _Fac = _USE(_Iosbase.getloc(), _Mypunct);
		const string _Grouping = _Fac.grouping();
		const _Elem _Kseparator = _Fac.thousands_sep();
		bool _Grouped = '\0' < *_Grouping.c_str();

		if (_Grouped)
			{	// grouping specified, add thousands separators
			const char *_Pg = _Grouping.c_str();
			size_t _Off = _Count;
			for (_Grouped = false; *_Pg != CHAR_MAX && '\0' < *_Pg
				&& (size_t)*_Pg < _Off - _Prefix; _Grouped = true)
				{	// add a comma to mark thousands separator
				_Off -= *_Pg;
				::memmove(&_Buf[_Off + 1], &_Buf[_Off],
					_Count + 1 - _Off);
				_Buf[_Off] = ',', ++_Count;
				if ('\0' < _Pg[1])
					++_Pg;	// not last group, advance
				}
			}

		size_t _Fillcount = _Iosbase.width() <= 0
			|| (size_t)_Iosbase.width() <= _Count
				? 0 : (size_t)_Iosbase.width() - _Count;

		ios_base::fmtflags _Adjustfield =
			_Iosbase.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield;
		if (_Adjustfield != ios_base::left
			&& _Adjustfield != ios_base::internal)
			{	// put leading fill
			_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _Fill, _Fillcount);
			_Fillcount = 0;
			}
		else if (_Adjustfield == ios_base::internal)
			{	// put internal fill
			_Dest = _Putc(_Dest, _Buf, _Prefix);	// but first put prefix
			_Buf += _Prefix, _Count -= _Prefix;
			_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _Fill, _Fillcount), _Fillcount = 0;
			}

		if (!_Grouped)
			_Dest = _Putc(_Dest, _Buf, _Count);	// put field
		else
			for (; ; ++_Buf, --_Count)
				{	// put field with thousands separators for commas
				size_t _Groupsize = strcspn(_Buf, ",");
				_Dest = _Putc(_Dest, _Buf, _Groupsize);
				_Buf += _Groupsize, _Count -= _Groupsize;
				if (_Count == 0)
					break;
				if (_Kseparator != (_Elem)0)
					_Dest = _Rep(_Dest, _Kseparator, 1);
				}

		_Iosbase.width(0);
		return (_Rep(_Dest, _Fill, _Fillcount));	// put trailing fill
		}

	static _OutIt __cdecl _Put(_OutIt _Dest, const _Elem *_Ptr, size_t _Count)
		{	// put [_Ptr, _Ptr + _Count) to _Dest
		for (; 0 < _Count; --_Count, ++_Dest, ++_Ptr)
			*_Dest = *_Ptr;
		return (_Dest);
		}

	static _OutIt __cdecl _Putc(_OutIt _Dest, const char *_Ptr, size_t _Count)
		{	// put char sequence [_Ptr, _Ptr + _Count) to _Dest
		for (; 0 < _Count; --_Count, ++_Dest, ++_Ptr)
			*_Dest = _WIDEN(_Elem, *_Ptr);
		return (_Dest);
		}

	static _OutIt __cdecl _Rep(_OutIt _Dest, _Elem _Ch, size_t _Count)
		{	// put _Count * _Ch to _Dest
		for (; 0 < _Count; --_Count, ++_Dest)
			*_Dest = _Ch;
		return (_Dest);
		}
	};

		// STATIC num_put::id OBJECT
template<class _Elem,
	class _OutIt>
	locale::id num_put<_Elem, _OutIt>::id;

 #ifdef  _DLL_CPPLIB
template class _CRTIMP2 numpunct<char>;
template class _CRTIMP2 numpunct<wchar_t>;
template class _CRTIMP2 num_get<char,
	istreambuf_iterator<char, char_traits<char> > >;
template class _CRTIMP2 num_get<wchar_t,
	istreambuf_iterator<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> > >;
template class _CRTIMP2 num_put<char,
	ostreambuf_iterator<char, char_traits<char> > >;
template class _CRTIMP2 num_put<wchar_t,
	ostreambuf_iterator<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> > >;
 #endif	// _DLL_CPPLIB
_STD_END
#pragma warning(pop)
#pragma pack(pop)

#endif /* _XLOCNUM_ */

/*
* Copyright (c) 1992-2001 by P.J. Plauger.  ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 * Consult your license regarding permissions and restrictions.
 V3.10:0009 */
